1957 Polio Vaccine

1957 Polio Vaccine by 1957 Polio Vaccine on Nota1957 Polio VaccineFacts about the vaccine here.PolioPresident Roosevelt had polio, but hid it by taking pictures only from the waist up!vaccine from wikipediaA '''vaccine''' is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.Vaccines can be prophylaxis|prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen), or Medication|therapeutic (e.g. vaccines against cancer are also being investigated; see cancer vaccine).The term ''vaccine'' derives from Edward Jenner's 1796 use of ''cowpox|cow pox'' (Latin ''variola vaccinia'', adapted from the Latin ''vaccīn-us'', from ''vacca'' cow), to inoculate humans, providing them protection against smallpox.HistoryPrior to vaccination, inoculation was practised, and Inoculation#Importation_to_the_West|brought to the West in 1721 by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who showed it to Hans Sloane, the King's physician.Sometime during the 1770s Edward Jenner heard a milkmaid boast that she would never have the often-fatal or disfiguring disease smallpox, because she had already had cowpox, which has a very mild effect in humans. In 1796, Jenner took pus from the hand of a milkmaid with cowpox, Inoculation|inoculated an 8-year-old boy with it, and six weeks later Variolation|variolated the boy's arm with smallpox, afterwards observing that the boy did not catch smallpox. Further experimentation demonstrated the efficacy of the procedure on an infant. Since vaccination with cowpox was much safer than smallpox inoculation, the latter, though still widely practiced in England, was banned in 1840. Louis Pasteur generalized Jenner's idea by developing what he called a rabies vaccine, and in the nineteenth century vaccines were considered a matter of national prestige, and compulsory vaccination laws were passed.The twentieth century saw the introduction of several successful vaccines, including those against diphtheria, measles, mumps, and rubella. Major achievements included the development of the polio vaccine in the 1950s and the Smallpox#Eradication|eradication of smallpox during the 1960s and 1970s. Maurice Hilleman was the most prolific of the developers of the vaccines in the twentieth century. As vaccines became more common, many people began taking them for granted. However, vaccines remain elusive for many important diseases, including malaria and HIV.TypesFile:ReverseGeneticsFlu.svg|thumbnail|300px|[[Avian influenza|Avian flu vaccine development by reverse genetics techniques.]]Vaccines are dead or inactivated organisms or purified products derived from them.There are several types of vaccines currently in use.[http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/vaccines/understanding/pages/typesvacc(Enable JavaScript in your browser, please.)

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1957 Polio Vaccine

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